lunedì 15 ottobre 2007

Der Heilige Gral von San Lorenzo

Un interessante articolo in tedesco, dal titolo "Il Santo Graal di San Lorenzo", che riprende l'evento occorso lo scorso anno durante la presenza di Papa Benedetto XVI a Valencia. Un momento storico che sancisce nuovamente l'importanza che questa reliquia possiede per la religione Cristiana.

E.B.


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Es gibt im Christentum keine Reliquie, die so sagenumwoben ist, wie der Heilige Gral. Einer Legende zufolge, befindet sich der mythische Pokal in Spanien. Doch jetzt behauptet ein Forscher, der Kelch habe die Stadt der Päpste niemals verlassen.
Ruht der Heilige Gral verborgen unter einer römischen Papst-Kirche? Pünktlich vor Ostern will ein italienischer Hobby-Archäologe in mittelalterlichen Fresken und Mosaiken Hinweise auf den sagenumwobenen Abendmahlskelch Jesu entschlüsselt haben. Der mythische Pokal des Parzival wäre demnach nicht nach der Legende nach Spanien gelangt, sondern befände sich noch heute im Grab seines letzten Hüters in der Papst-Basilika San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
Die These, wenn belegbar, wäre eine Sensation. Denn bisher glaubte man den Gral anderswo: Nach mittelalterlichen Quellen übergab Papst Sixtus II. (257-258) die Kirchenschätze während einer Christenverfolgung an seinen Diakon Laurentius. Bevor dieser selbst auf dem Rost gemartert wurde, verteilte er die materiellen Güter an die Armen; die kostbare Kelchreliquie hingegen – manche deuten ihn auch als eine Schale mit Kreuzigungsblut – ließ er durch einen frommen Soldaten nach Spanien in Sicherheit bringen.

Bodenmosaik soll die Position des Heiligen Grals zeigen

Vor den im achten Jahrhundert eindringenden Mauren retteten Christen das Heiligtum der Überlieferung zufolge zunächst in die Pyrenäen. Seit 1437 findet sich in der Kathedrale von Valencia der „Santo Caliz“, den Gläubige als Gral verehren. Papst Benedikt XVI. feierte mit dem Pokal aus grünem Achat eine Messe, als er im vergangenen Juli Spanien besuchte. Nach Expertenmeinung könnte das Gefäß in der Tat aus der Antike stammen. Aber sollte der Wanderprediger Jesus wirklich einen Becher aus Halbedelstein benutzt haben?
Alfredo Barbagallo ist überzeugt, dass der Gral, wenn es ihn gibt, nie die Stadt der Päpste verließ. Wenige Tage, bevor Christen weltweit des letzten Abendmahls Jesu gedenken, ging der römische Freizeitforscher mit seiner an Dan Brown erinnernden These an die Öffentlichkeit: Die zahlreichen Kelch-Abbildungen in der Basilika San Lorenzo seien ein komplexes Verweissystem, das besage: Der Gral ist noch hier. Es gebe sogar einen Wink, wo er zu finden wäre: Das zentrale Bodenmosaik zeigt in einer Ecke einen Kelch mit farbigen Steinen darüber, die der Forscher als Blutstropfen deutet – und als Wegweiser zur angrenzenden Ciriaca-Katakombe, dem ersten Bestattungsort des Märtyrer-Diakons.
Dass der Heilige Gral praktisch unter ihren Füßen liegen sollte, erfuhren die Kapuziner von San Lorenzo am vergangenen Donnerstag, als das italienische Fernsehen telefonisch einen Drehtermin vereinbaren wollte. Bei den Ordensleuten stieß die neue Theorie auf Erstaunen und Skepsis. Die Spurensuche basiere wie jede Ortung des sagenhaften Kelchs auf einer Legende – „und eine Legende ist eine Legende“, meint Pater Rinaldo Cordovani, der die Basilika betreut.

Eine wissenschaftliche Recherche steht noch aus

Statt weitere Erklärungen am Telefon abzugeben, besteht der Pater auf einem Ortstermin. Dort entpuppen sich Grals-Symbole im Freskenzyklus des Laurentius als Öllampen. Dass der Kirchenpatron mit einem Kelch in der Hand abgebildet wird, verweist laut Pater Rinaldo schlicht auf seine Tätigkeit als Diakon: Mit dem Armendienst war er auch für die Krankenkommunion zuständig. Der Pokal mit den Blutstropfen – Hauptfingerzeig für Barbagallo - findet sich in einem Zwickel des Bodendekors; über den Rand wölbt sich ein Halbrund von grünen, roten und weißen Mosaiksteinen. „Eine Fruchtschale“, meint der Ordensmann.
Schlagworte
Indigniert ist man im Kloster auch darüber, dass sich der Forscher während seiner angeblich mehrjährigen Untersuchungen nie offiziell vorstellte. Barbagallo erklärt, er habe erst seine Beobachtungen sammeln und die Kapuziner nicht verfrüht einbinden wollen. Für Cordovani indessen folgt die Gralssuche der gleichen Sensationslust wie die Vermarktung des Judas-Evangeliums oder anderer apokrypher Traditionen. Kurz: keine wissenschaftliche Recherche.
Barbagallo möchte nun die Ciriaca-Katakombe erneut archäologisch untersuchen lassen, um seine These zu überprüfen. Noch in der Karwoche wolle er bei der Diözese Rom einen entsprechenden Antrag stellen. Dass er damit durchkommt, hält Cordovani für ausgeschlossen. Ohnehin wäre in diesem Fall die Päpstliche Akademie für sakrale Archäologie zuständig. Aber auch ein Nein des Vatikan wird die neue Frage nach dem Gral wohl kaum beenden.

Fonte - Welt Online, 2 Aprile 2007

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